When we hear the word of oil first thing that comes to the minds of the Arab Gulf states, where there the oil frequently and is considered the primary source of income for these countries, where they are mined from the earth in the form of raw materials through the drilling of oil wells to extract it from the upper layer of the earth, and the so-called oil Black gold, a crude oil or liquid dense color dark brown or brown tends to green flammable, a complex composition mixture is made up of so-called Balheidrockerborat and is an important source of energy of all kinds, especially electrical energy by burning it for power generation. Oil or petroleum as it is sometimes called enters the makers of many chemical products such as plastic tools, pesticides, fertilizers, rayon, plastics, industrial fabrics and leather. - oil types as classified by the US Environmental Protection Agency: Oil is divided into categories of oils based on the risk and the possibility of cleaning, namely: The first category: light oils, so the advantage acknowledged its transparency and flammable and float above the water as well as the usability of evaporation and characterized by their toxicity include oil types with a high quality. Category II: Heavy oils have Alaltasaq property, the color brown or black as they are unsinkable and seriousness that they may attach themselves to fish, animals and birds which may cause poisoning. Category III: oils, non-stick, which float on the surface of the water and be in the form of wax and hard soil adhesion or birds, animals, and the degree of toxicity less and can be disposed of by washing with water. The fourth category: Oil is liquid and is non-toxic color with dark brown or black and melt the heat, which makes it difficult to clean and include heavy oil types. - oil derivatives: The oil is extracted after derivatives in designated places is refined by heating and distillation and separation of the gases and from these derivatives as follows: Liquid which is extracted from propane and butane, which used in the heating and cooking operations, and mixes with the fuel cars. Light including: extracted from gasoline which uses fuel for cars. Candidate of it: and extracted from the heating oil and jet kerosene and diesel. Excess thereof: and extracted from the fuel oil and industrial coal, tar, sulfur and used in bunker fuel and paving, chemical industry. Thanks
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